Nikki Giovanni, born Yolande Cornelia Giovanni Jr. on June 7, 1943, in Knoxville, Tennessee, is an influential American poet, activist, and educator whose work spans several decades, deeply influencing the landscape of African American literature.

Giovanni grew up in a family where education was highly valued. Her early life was marked by frequent moves, from Knoxville to Cincinnati, Ohio, and then to Wyoming, Ohio, where she spent much of her childhood. Her father, a World War II veteran, worked at a foundry, while her mother was a community activist, which likely influenced Giovanni's own social consciousness and activism.

She attended Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, where she became deeply involved in the Black Arts Movement. Her time at Fisk was transformative; she started writing poetry seriously and became known for her militant, expressive style. Giovanni was expelled from Fisk for her activism but was later readmitted and graduated with honors in 1967.

Her first major publication, "Black Feeling, Black Talk" (1968), introduced her voice to the broader public, focusing on themes of black identity, struggle, and empowerment. This was followed by "Black Judgement" (1969), where her poetry became even more politically charged, reflecting the turbulent civil rights and Black Power movements of the time.

Throughout the 1970s, Giovanni's work evolved, exploring personal and universal themes. "My House" (1972) was a turning point, showcasing her as not just a poet of protest but one with a deep personal touch, writing about her family, her son, and love. This period also saw her engage in children's literature with books like "Spin a Soft Black Song" (1971), which aimed to instill pride in black children.

Giovanni's personal life has been eventful; she has been married and divorced, raised her son Tommy alone, and faced health challenges, including a battle with lung cancer in the late 1990s. These experiences infused her poetry with raw emotion and resilience, seen in works like "Love Poems" (1997) and "Quilting the Black-Eyed Pea" (2002).

Her academic career is also significant; she has taught at several institutions, including Rutgers University, Ohio State University, and Virginia Tech, where she held the position of University Distinguished Professor. Her tenure at Virginia Tech included surviving the 2007 campus shooting, after which she wrote "Blacksburg, Virginia" in memory of the victims.

Giovanni's accolades are numerous, including multiple NAACP Image Awards, the Langston Hughes Medal, and being named one of Oprah Winfrey's "25 Living Legends." She has been nominated for a Grammy for her spoken word album "The Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection" and has received honorary degrees from over 50 colleges and universities.

Her work continues to be celebrated for its lyrical quality, its depth of emotion, and its commitment to social justice. Nikki Giovanni remains a vital voice in American poetry, engaging with new generations through her writings, readings, and educational efforts, continuously advocating for change, love, and the beauty of black culture. Her legacy is one of courage, creativity, and an unyielding spirit of activism.